Abstract Discusses research on alcohol and drug abuse, focusing on (1) the importance of historical studies; (2) the impact of scientific assessment of chemical and medical effects of specific drugs; and (3) the role of epidemiological research in influencing policy formulation and program planning. Regular monitoring and evaluative measures are viewed as essential research tools for continuous check-up and feedback into ongoing program activities. Problem-solving studies based on action-oriented strategies are advocated. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)