In a cross-sectional, descriptive, and case control study, a sample of 1261 primary schoolchildren, aged 6 to 10 years, was randomly chosen for the purpose of assessing the prevalence of nocturnal enuresis (NE) and its correlation with psychological, developmental, organic, and socioeconomic factors. Self-administered questionnaires were used, and 1041 of the forms were retrieved. The prevalence of NE was 97 per 1000 schoolchildren, with a male to female ratio of 1:1.3. There was a statistically significant correlation between NE and excessive drinking before retiring to bed, a deep sleep pattern, delay in speech acquisition, and tension habits. Restriction of fluid intake before retiring to bed was considered the best method to avoid bedwetting by parents of enuretics. Parents of nonenuretics ranked urination before going to bed first. Only 14% of the bedwetters' parents had sought medical or psychiatric help for their children and only 3% of the nonenuretics' parents indicated they would seek such assistance if their child were an enuretic. The prevalence of NE in the community merits the serious attention of both educational and health care delivery personnel.