A study of child behavior and health in a newly urbanized part of Khartoum, Sudan, was conducted in 1980 on 245 children, aged 3-15 yrs, and compared to an earlier study by the authors (see record 1985-06258-001) in the same area, then rural. The present study describes the social, economic, and health changes that had taken place between the 2 investigations. The socioeconomic changes in the society had been accompanied by an improved somatic health and nutritional state of the older children. More small children also survived their preschool years. The effects on psychological health are also commented on.