A study of child behavior and health in a newly urbanized part of Khartoum, Sudan, was conducted in 1980 on 245 children aged 3-15 yrs and compared to a previous study by the authors (see record 1985-06258-001) in the same area, then rural. Compared to 1965, the 1980 study showed an increase of behavior problems of boys aged 7-25. Levels of most behavior problems were below the figures from comparable studies from developed countries. Physical health and nutrition had improved between 1965 and 1980. Older children of newcomers showed the highest frequencies of behavioral deviances. School dropouts also had more behavioral problems, while those belonging to the best third of their grades had fewer behavioral problems. Maternal anxiety/depression and harsh corporal punishment were found to influence rates of behavior problems. School-age Ss (7-25) showed a strong connection between poor somatic health and high rates of behavioral deviances.