The choice of child and adolescent depression treatment is governed by developmental factors such as age and cognitive development (see discussions elsewhere in this issue on developmental epidemiology by Goldman S, and depression and the developing brain by Weir, Zakama, and Rao). In addition, family psychiatric history, family and social environment, family and patient treatment preference and expectation, and ethnic and cultural issues need to be taken into consideration (see discussion elsewhere in this issue on role of experience and life events in developmental risk by Breardslee). In this article, the authors review the evidence supporting the use of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT), and antidepressants. The authors discuss the role of these different agents in the acute, maintenance, and continuation treatment phases, as well as the predictors and moderators of treatment response.