Motivational factors and stages of change for physical activity among college students in Amman, Jordan.
Author: Madanat H, Merrill RM.
Source:
Promotion & education, 13(3), 185-190.
The purpose of this study was to investigate physical activity levels across the
five stages of change for physical activity and to identify motivational factors
for physical activity according to these stages of change among college students
in Amman, Jordan. Analyses were based on a cross-sectional survey of 431
students, with a mean age of 21.1 (SD=0.16) and 67.5% female. Based on the
recommendation that physical activity requires at least 30 minutes of physical
activity 3 or more days per week, men were more likely than women to classify
themselves in later stages: 7.3% vs. 9.5% in the precontemplation stage, 17.4%
vs. 14.7% in the contemplation stage, 50.0% vs. 63.5% in the preparation stage,
9.4% vs. 5.6% in the action stage, and 15.9% vs. 6.7% in the maintenance stage
[X2(4) = 14.04, p = 0.0072]. Seven potential motivational items for physical
activity were assessed using factor analysis: experience better self-worth,
prevent chronic disease, relieve stress, stay in shape, longevity,
recreation/fun, and social benefits. Two factor groupings were identified from
these items. The first factor included the first five items, labeled as "Physical
and Mental". The second factor included the last two items, labeled as "Social
and Recreational." "Physical and Mental" items compared with "Social and
Recreational" items were most likely to motivate physical activity across the
stages of change for physical activity. The strongest motivator of physical
activity was to stay in shape. The weakest motivator of physical activity was for
social reasons. The influence of the intermediate motivational factors was
slightly affected by the students' stage of change for physical activity.
Motivators for physical activity did not differ according to sex. These results
provide important information about the motivational factors for physical
activity for college-aged students in Jordan that can be useful in developing
effective physical activity intervention programs.