OBJECTIVE: This paper explores the impact of pre-migration trauma, post-migration living difficulties, and social support on the current mental health of 63 resettled Sudanese refugees. METHOD: A semistructured interview including questionnaires assessing sociodemographic information, pre-migration trauma, anxiety, depression and posttraumatic stress, post-migration living difficulties, and perceived social support were administered assisted by a bilingual community worker. RESULTS: Resettled refugees from Sudan evidenced a history of traumLess than 5 percent met criteria for posttraumatic stress but 25 percent reported clinically high levels of psychological distress. The results indicate that social support -- particularly perceived social support from the migrant's ethnic community -- plays a significant role in predicting mental health outcomes. Pre-migration trauma, family status, and gender were also associated with mental health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Refugees in Australia may constitute a particularly vulnerable group in terms of mental health outcomes. Culturally specific sequelae in terms of social isolation and acculturation may be particularly problematic for these migrants.