Depression and anxiety are the most commonly encountered psychological problems in patients with end-stage renal disease, especially those on renal replacement therapy. We sought to assess the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms in patients undergoing haemodialysis treatment and to establish the relationship between these psychological problems and criteria of haemodialysis adequacy. METHODS: We implemented a transversal study on 93 adult haemodialysis patients recruited from in Ibn-Sina Haemodialysis department in Rabat in April 2003. They underwent three tests performed by a psychiatrist. The first one was the brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS) and then Hamilton anxiety and depression rating scales. We also studied anthropometric features, comorbidity, dialysis session's characteristics, and the following haemodialysis adequacy parameters: extracellular volume, nitrogenous retention, nutritional status, phosphocalcic balance, serum potassium, acid-basic equilibrium, anaemia, and inflammatory markers. RESULTS: The mean (+/-SD) age of our population was 42+/-15.5. The sex-ratio was 1.11 (49 W/44 M). Only one patient had a history of psychological care by a psychiatrist. The prevalence of depression and anxiety among the patients surveyed was 67 and 69.3% respectively. Seven patients had a severe depression. We did not found any other psychological condition by BPRS. Depression has been shown to be associated to several haemodialysis adequacy markers like high blood pressure, interdialytic weight intake, nutritional parameters (serum albumin concentration...), and serum creatinin concentration. Depression was more frequent in women, diabetics, and patients with C hepatitis. CONCLUSION: This study will be continued by a prospective screening of patients under appropriate therapy. Publication Types: English Abstract