Examined the effects of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes on neurotoxicity in male rats induced by exposure to the widely used vinyl monomer acrylamide (ACR). Ss were administered STZ, ACR or both. Collected data included electrophysiological measurements, measurement of lipid hydroperoxides (LPH) and conjugated dienes in the sciatic nerve, and the neurobehavioral responses of foot print length, hind limb function, landing foot splay, and ability to stay on an inclined plane. Results show a significant deterioration of neurobehavioral and electrophysiological responses in Ss treated with ARC only. Although no significant change in these parameters was observed in Ss administered STZ only, ACR-induced functional deficiency was significantly reduced in Ss with STZ-induced diabetes. There was a significant decrease in the LPH hydroperoxide of diabetic Ss, whereas ARC treatment alone resulted in an increase in LPH. The difference in electrophysiological response in ACR-treated diabetic and nondiabetic Ss was not found to be statistically significant.