Discusses approaches to the provision of care for those with mental illness in the UK, using the analogy of a pendulum swinging from emphasis on hospitalization towards care based in the community. The evolution and functions of the community mental health team are outlined. The authors also describe the care program approach, the legislative framework within which mental health care in the UK is provided, assertive community treatment (intensive case management), and specialized mental health services. Problems with community care are mentioned, including the perception that such care is failing, under-funding, and the need for cultural sensitivity.