Established rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) reactions and general mental health problems in children who had experienced war traumA longitudinal study in the Gaza strip with 234 children aged 7 to 12 yrs who had experienced war conflict was conducted 1 yr after the initial assessment, that is, during the peace process. Children completed the Child Post Traumatic Stress Reaction Index (CPTS-RI), while the Rutter A2 and B2 scales were completed by parents and teachers. The rate of children who reported moderate to severe PTSD reactions at follow-up had decreased from 40.6% to 10.0% (74 Ss). 49 children (20.9%) were rated above the cut-off for mental health problems on the Rutter A2 (parent) Scales, and 74 children (31.8%) were above the cut-off on the Rutter B2 (teacher) Scales. The total scores on all 3 measures had significantly decreased during the 1-yr period. The total CPTS-RI score at follow-up was best predicted by the number of traumatic experiences recalled at the 1st assessment. PTSD reactions tend to decrease in the absence of further stressors, although a substantial proportion of children still present with a range of emotional and behavioral problems.