This is the first of four separate entries under the broad topic Arab states. This entry includes: The Arab personality; Arabs and psychology-the heritage; Rhazes (854-932 CE); Ibn Sina or Avicenna (980-1037 CE); Al-Ghazzali (1058-1 11 1 CE); Ibn-Khaldun (1332-1406 CE); the Arabs and modern psychology; Egypt; the crisis in Egyptian psychology; the present and future of Egyptian psychology; Egyptian Association for Psychological Studies; Egyptian Association for Mental Health; Egyptian Psychologists Association; Egyptian Association for Family and Social Conflict Resolution; The Arab Federation of Nongovernmental Organizations for Combatting Substance Abuse; and World Islamic Association for Mental Health