Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) occurred in 4 postpartum patients (aged 23-32 yrs) of an original sample of 900 women treated with various psychotropic medications including depot-neuroleptics over a 5-yr period. All 4 patients had the onset of NMS in the first few weeks of the postpartum period. Whether or not there is an increased risk for the development of NMS in the puerperium period is discussed.