The prevalence of hypertension (HTN), its cardiovascular complications, the role of environmental and demographic factors were examined in a cross-sectional national survey of 7915 individuals - 25 years and older - in 21 sampling locations in six Egyptian governorates. Sample had a stratified, multistage, probability design. The weighted national estimate of HTN (SBP ? 140 mmHg, DBP ? 90 mmHg or on medications) was 26%. Hypertension was more prevalent in the following groups: unemployed (49.7% vs 25.3%), socially isolated - living alone (59.7% vs 29.9%), low educated 34.1% vs 24.2%) and in the obese (BMI > 31 kg/m(2): 39.8% vs 26.5%). Hypertension prevalence increased progressively with age and was more prevalent in urban than rural areas.