Division of Neurology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Reports findings of a total population survey of the Thugbah community in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia to determine baseline data on the frequency of neurological diseases (NDs) in the community. 22,630 Saudi nationals living in the Thugbah area returned questionnaires. The overall crude prevalence ratio (PR) for all forms of ND was 131/1,000. Headache syndromes were the most common neurological problem encountered, with an overall PR of 120.5. Other problems included the following: (1) the PR for convulsive disorders including hysterical fits was 7.6/1,000; (2) isolated single seizures, cerebrovascular diseases, basal ganglia disorders, and spinal cord disease were all found to be uncommon; and (3) dementia syndromes were diagnosed in only 10 cases. (ClinPSYC Database Copyright 1994 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved).