present the conceptual background and the methodology for developing a revised test anxiety scale, based on items in the RTT [Reactions to Tests] and the TAI [Test Anxiety Inventory], that would be relevant for use in the USA, Germany and Egypt the purpose of the present study is to combine the RTT and TAI in order to produce a revised scale that is shorter in length, psychometrically sound, consists of multiple non-overlapping dimensions, and is based on a multi-national sample / the resulting scale will then be cross-validated using a second multi-national sample.